Method of metalworking utilizing a particular lubricant composition

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are improved lubricants particularly useful for forming metallic articles into desired sizes and shapes based upon operations enhanceable by lubricants. Typical specific working operations are cutting, sawing, grinding, shaping, planing, stamping, drawing, sanding, filing, milling, shearing, machining, and drilling. Preferred lubricant compositions are alkanol mixtures of predominantly normal alcohol and branched primary alcohol structures having predominantly from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule, with or most preferably, without other alcohols containing secondary hydroxyl groups or unsaturation ranging from about 14 to about 50 carbon atoms per molecule. The preferred lubricant compositions are characterized by useful residual or film properties for protection of surfaces, particularly those freshly exposed through working when using the lubricants. Such properties are enhanced by the combination of polar and non-polar aspects of the preferred molecules.

United States Patent [191 Unick et al.

[ ]*Aug. 12, 1975 [75] Inventors: Alvin J. Unick, Baton Rouge, La.;

Kenneth W. Gault, Newnan, Ga.

[73] Assignee: Ethyl Corporation, Richmond, Va.

[ Notice: The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to July 11,1989,

has been disclaimed.

[22] Filed: Feb. 16, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 332,997

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 267,384, June 29,1972, abandoned, which is a division of Ser. No. 828,384, May 27, 1969,Pat. No. 3,676,348.

3,676,348 7/1972 Unick et al. 252/52 R Primary ExaminerDelbert E. GantzAssistant Examiner-Andrew H. Metz Attorney, Agent, or FirmDonald L.Johnson; John F.

Sieberth; Shelton B. McAnelly [5 7] ABSTRACT Disclosed are improvedlubricants particularly useful for forming metallic articles intodesired sizes and shapes based upon operations enhanceable bylubricants. Typical specific working operations are cutting, sawing,grinding, shaping, planing, stamping, drawing, sanding, filing, milling,shearing, machining, and drilling. Preferred lubricant compositions arealkanol mixtures of predominantly normal alcohol and branched primaryalcohol structures having predominantly from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule, with or most preferably, without other alcoholscontaining secondary hydroxyl groups or unsaturation ranging from about14 to about 50 carbon atoms per molecule. The preferred lubricantcompositions are characterized by useful residual or film properties forprotection of surfaces, particularly those freshly exposed throughworking when using the lubricants. Such properties are enhanced by thecombination of polar and nonpolar aspects of the preferred molecules.

21 Claims, No Drawings METHOD OF METALWORKING UTILIZING A PARTICULARLUBRICANT COMPOSITION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Thisapplication is a division of application Ser. No. 267,384, filed June29, 1972 and now abandoned which in turn is a division of ApplicationSer. No. 828,384, filed May 27, 1969 now US. Pat. No. 3,676,348 dated7/11/72.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This inventionrelates to lubricated metal working operations and to compositions ofmatter having utility in such applications and in numerous otherapplications such as surface protection. In particular, the inventionrelates to lubricants which are suitable for use in preparing finishedmetal articles having a minimum of contamination by undesired residuallubricant materials but wherein compositions placed on or allowed toremain on articles have significant surface protection capabilities andother desired characteristics such as static or electrical conductivityproperties.

2. Description of the Prior Art Many different substances, even water,are useful to some extent as lubricants or coolants or particle removalmedia for working various materials such as metals, plastics and evencertain types of wood. Waxes, tallow and other ester type materials ofhigh molecular weight have been used for such purposes in the past. Inthis area, however, the factor of cost-effectiveness hasa been animportant limitation, and, for the most part, it has been customary touse waste and by-product materials has as discard oils obtained fromcrankcases of internal combustion engines, inedible tallow of animalorigin, and the like. In general, materials purified only to a limitedextent such as slack wax and the like have been used where cost is animportant consideration. Such prior materials, although generallysuitable in many operations, are not outstanding either as lubricants oras heat removal materials and can provide a substantial limitation onthe maximum rates at which working operations can be performed. Inaddition, the general lack of purity of the materials may provide alimitation upon the subsequent use of products, particularly where it isdesired to use manufactured articles with minimum intervening cleaningor even without such cleaning. To typify this latter category of usewithout cleaning, frequently it is desired to avoid cleaning tocompleteness retaining on the finished articles a film of protectivematerial to minimize subsequent surface degradation through oxidation,corrosion and the like. Thus, containers and the like, manufactured fromuncleaned bulk rolled materials, typically aluminum, come to be used incontact with food for human consumption.

SUMMARY It is accordingly an object of the present invention to providecompositions having useful properties for machining various materials,particularly non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and copper and theiralloys.

Another object of the present invention is to provide improvedlubricants for metal working operations wherein the principal effectivecomponents of the lubricants consist essentially of normal and branchedsaturated primary alcohols having even numbers of carbon atoms permolecule ranging from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule.

Another object of the present invention is to provide lubricants basedon normal and branched primary alcohols having from about 20 to about 34carbon atoms per molecule in admixture with hydrocarbons having fromabout 10 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule, the alcohol contentranging from about 1 percent to percent of the total lubricantcomposition.

Another object of the present invention is to provide high puritylubricants that do not require complete removal from bulk materials orfinished articles of the foregoing general nature even where thefinished articles are intended for use in contact with foods.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a metal workinglubricant wherein residual quantities of lubricant are permitted toremain on the surface of the product metallic articles to provide usefulcorrosion and oxidation resistant properties even when present in smallquantities and wherein the residual materials are tenacious and, whenpresent in residual quantities, are not toxic to humans or to domesticand farm animals.

Another object of the present invention is to provide efficientlubricants for use with power transmission equipment such as flatleather belts, V-belts and the like, particularly those wherein contactof the lubricant with rubber is necessary and where static problems areencountered.

Another object of the present invention is to provide improved lubricantand preservative materials for rubber articles such as tires, formagnetic tape of the plastic-backed variety as well as magnetic tape ofa metallic nature and metallic tape of a non-magnetic nature of utility,particularly wherein the lubricant is desired to provide coincidentalbenefit of surface protection for the tape or rubber articles.

Another object of the present invention is to provide improved moistureresistant impregnant or coating compositions for cellulose and likematerials especially in critical applications with regard to waterpick-up such as computer program tapes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a residuallubricant for phonograph records.

Other and further objects and features of the present invention willbecome apparent upon the careful review of the following discussion.

In accordance with the basic teachings of the present invention, newcompositions of matter are disclosed having utility in various ways;typically as improved metal working lubricant materials and coatingmaterials, even in thin films.

The compositions of the present invention consist essentially ofmixtures of normal alcohols and branched chain primary alcohols whereinthe alcohols are pure or are mixtures with regard to molecular weightand have from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule. Suchcompositions are useful directly in many instances as by directapplication in concentrated form; however, in other instances theirusefulness can be extended with other alcohols and with diluents, suchas paraffins, olefin/paraffin mixtures, aerosol propellants, withlubricating oil, with halo hydrocarbons or with aqueous media,particularly in conjunction with surface-active agents. Halohydrocarbons include mono halo hydrocarbons, poly halo hydrocarbons withsimilar and different halogen constituency. Typical halo hy drocarbonsare fluoro and chloro hydrocarbons such as perchloro ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and chlorinated mineral oils and chlorinated fattyoils such as esters and their constituents. An outstanding feature ofthe foregoing compositions is that when used in concentrated form, manypossess convenient melting points of the order of 1 -125F so that theymay be handled, applied and used in solid form, providing numerousadvantages with regard to storage, transportation and ease ofapplication and use. On the other hand, many concentrates are liquid forconvenience in handling in that form. In many instances, the solid formminimizes many problems connected with centrifugal forces. On the otherhand, the melting point makes it practical to use only moderately raisedtemperatures to provide a liquid condition facilitating use in that formwhere such is desired.

In one aspect, preferred compositions include a substantial percentageof about 10 to about 50 percent by weight or higher, or non-normalalcohols including the previously mentioned branched primary alcoholssuch as those with lower alkyl side chains such as 2-methyl, 3-methyl,Z-ethyl, 2-butyl, 2-hexyl, 4-ethyl, 2,4-diethyl, and 3,5-dimethyl. Inaddition, the non-normals include diols, particularly 1,2-, 2,3-; 3,4-;1,3- and l,4-diols and others having a boiling point higher than about210C at mm pressure. Included are secondary alcohols particularly thoseof the 2OH, 4-OH and 2-OI-l, 3-, or 4-, or 5- alkyl forms. Because ofanalysis techniques, diols are usually included in secondary alcohols,typically up to about a 1:1 ratio with secondary mono alcohols. Theamount of secondary alcohols ranges upward to about a 2:1 ratio with thebranched primary alcohols. The alkyl in the various cases justexemplified are typically methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and the like upto about dodecyl. Compatible unsaturation up to about 5 percent isacceptable in the non-normal alcohols. Unsaturation in the diluent up toabout percent of the molecules thereof is typical.

In greater particularity the invention is directed to compositions ofmatter consisting essentially of Component A which is alkanol containingfrom about 20 to 34 carbon atoms per molecule,

Component B which is non-normal alcohol containing from about 20 toabout 34 carbon atoms per molecule, and having less than about 5 percentunsaturated molecules,

Component C which is hydrocarbon preferably unsubstituted, preferablystaight chain, preferably saturated, and preferably having from about 20to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule,

the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent by weight, thismaterial being diluent,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B ranging from about 10 tol to about 1 to 10.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein:

the amount of Component C is from about to about 98 percent by weightand wherein the weight ratio of Component A to Component B is from about2:1 to about 1:2.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein the amount of Component C is from about 85 toabout 98 percent by weight.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein the amount of Component C is from about 25percent to about percent by weight.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein the amount of Component C is from about 30percent to about 40 percent by weight.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein the weight ratio of Component A to Component B isfrom about 2:1 to about 1:1.

In a limited aspect diluents include compatible halo hydrocarbons.

In a limited aspect expression, Component B is predominantly branchedprimary and secondary alcohols in about a 1:2 ratio, the secondaryalcohols including mono alcohols and diols in a ratio range from 1:0 toabout 1:1.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein substantially all Component A, B and C moleculespresent contain an even number of carbon atoms per molecule.

In a limited aspect the invention is directed to compositions of theforegoing type wherein the overall percentage of molecules of straightchain carbon skeletal configuration is from about 50 to about 75 percentby weight, wherein substantially all molecules present contain an evennumber of carbon atoms and wherein the melting point is from about 1 10to about F.

Compositions of the foregoing types are produced by distilling,blending, etc. using pure individual components or mixtures containingseveral components.

Examples of preferred and typical compositions are set forth. The scopeof the invention is defined in the claims and is not restricted tospecific examples.

EXAMPLE 1 A mixture in accordance with the present invention wasproduced having the following compositions:

The paraffins include about 4 percent olcfins. lodinc value about 2.0ccntigrams/gram.

normal alcohol non-normal alcohol 181/1 RA alcohol non alcohol Thenon-primary alcohols are about 2:1 branched primary and secondary, thestructures being predominantly 2-ethyl, 2-butyl, and 4-OH. About 50percent of sec-OH is mixed diols in predominantly 1,2- to 1,4-configurations.

This material is an excellent lubricant for working operations.

in typical usage it is formed into an elongated bar and intermittentlyplaced in contact with a band saw blade when cutting aluminum castingsof approximately 6 X 6 inch cross section. The ordinary build-up ofaluminum on the saw blade does not occur and very smooth cutting isevidenced from the appearance of the cut ends of the casting.

Similar results are obtained in cutting copper busbars of approximately1 X 2 inch cross section.

Similar results are obtained in cutting aluminum sheet in 1, Va A, Vaand 1/16 inch thicknesses.

Similar results are obtained in cutting brass articles.

Similar results are obtained in working brass in die expansion andcompression operations, die friction being less than with paraffinlubricants.

The compositions are tested in lubricated turning and drillingoperations on ferrous metal rod and plate, respectively. Thecompositions were tested in concentrated form applied as a solid and inrecirculated liquid coolant systems.

In recirculated liquid systems, the compositions rich in branchedalcohols are preferred because of the somewhat lower melting point ofthe branched alcohols in comparison to the straight chain saturatedprimary alcohols.

Desirable lubricating and cooling characteristics are obtained.

The composition is tested in other uses set forth in the foregoing andfound to have desirable properties as discussed. (All ratios in examplesare by weight.)

EXAMPLE 2 A second mixture was produced having the followingcomposition:

The branched/secondary proportions are similar to those of Example 1.lodine value is about 4.0.

The composition is tested as in Example 1, similar desirable resultsbeing obtained.

EXAMPLE 3 The following mixture was produced.

The branched alcohol/secondary alcohol proportions are similar to thoseof Example 1. Iodine value is about 8.0.

The composition is tested as in Example 1, similar desirable resultsbeing obtained.

EXAMPLE 4 The following mixture was produced.

Normal Non-Normal Alcohols Alcohols Paraffin* 111 .9 C20 69.6 10.0 C 2.54.5 0. 1 C 3 .0 C 0.4 82.0 14.5 3.5

normal alcohol Ratio m alcohol Rang non alcohol The branchedalcohol/secondary alcohol proportions are similar to those of Example 1.lodine value is about 0.5.

The composition is tested as in Example 1, similar desirable resultsbeing obtained.

EXAMPLES 5-l l Preceding examples are repeated wherein the alcohols aredistributed according to the tabulation that follows.

The compositions are tested as in Example 1, similar desirable resultsare obtained.

Proportions not specified are similar to those of Example 1.

Example Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 1 1NOH NNOH NOH NNOH NOH NNOH NOH NNOH NOH NNOH NOH NNOH NOH NNOH C 0.210.06 0.30 0.65 1.45 0.73 0.65 0.27 095 C 11.42 0.82 10.86 0.73 20.441.29 19.73 1.90 14.68 1.65 16.16 0.59 22.36 3.31 C 7.92 3.69 7.75 3.6611.38 3.17 10.14 3.76 9.36 4.57 9.73 4.64 6.94 363 C 5.23 5.58 5.19 5.936.13 5.29 5.73 4.86 5.87 5.40 5.76 7.13 3.54 4.67 C 1; 3.40 6.81 3.678.13 3.25 6.66 3.13 6.18 2.90 6.45 3.35 7.59 l 64 6.75 C 1.34 6.89 1.368.18 1.38 5.97 1.42 5.42 1.32 4.37 7.18 744 C 0.74 6.08 0.85 7.47 0.563.65 0.48 3.67 4.50 5.56 1.73 C 4.29 3.23 0.12 0.16 1.67 0.26 2.45 C,2.89 1.59 0.79 1.05 0.41 1.83 1.33 0.90 0.38 C 1.05 0.50 0.23 C 0.490.28 0.04 C 0.48 H Total 30.26 40.96 29.98 41.03 43.79 27.84 42.24 29.1634.86 27.85 35.27 35.55 34.48 28.48

NOH Normal alcohol. All numbers percent by weight. balance to 100percent is par-afiin/olefin NNOH Non-normal alcohol. in about 6:1 ratio.

Iodine value is about 510 cg/g.

The materials are tested, similar desirable results being obtained.

Normal Non-normal Total Normal/ EXAMPLE 14 Examples Alcohols AlcoholsRatio Total Non-normal The ratios of these examples are as follows:

Prior examples are repeated using the following ra 5 30.26 40.96 0.74/17122/2878 6 2998 4103 0'73 HUI/2&9; tios of branched primary alcohols tosecondary alco 7 43.79 27.84 1.57/1 71.63/2837 hols: 8 42.24 29.161.45/1 7140/2860 9 34.86 27.85 1.25/1 6271/3729 10 35.27 35.55 0.99/17082/2918 11 34.48 28.48 1.21/1 6296/3704 80/20 50/50 The foregoingcompositions are tested as in pnor ex- 20/80 amples providing similardesirable results. 1%3

EXAMPLE 12 The materials are tested as in Example 1, similar desirableresults being obtained. Secondary alcohols include diols.

Prior examples are repeated using the following ratios of normal tonon-normal alcohols.

4 EXAMPLE 15 91/9 0 75/25 Example 1 is repeated with compositions 1naccorggfi dance with the following tabulation: 9/91 2/98 Ratio Range(Approx) (Approx.

Component A/Component B Component C The branched alcohol/secondaryalcohol proportions are similar to those of Example 1. Iodine valuesabout if? 8 g; to about 10.1 to 1:10 85 to 9s The materials are tested,similar desirable results 1911 1110 25 to 75 b b d 10:1 to 1:10 30 to 40emg 0 tame 2.1 m 1.1 0 to 99 2:1 to 1:1 0 to 99 (mixture of EXAMPLE 13straight chain and Prior examples are repeated using the followmgrabranched tios of alcohols to non-alcohol components. chain) 10:1 to1:10 (all mole- 0 to 99 (all molecules having cules having an evennumber an even num- 100/0 of carbon atoms ber of car- 99/1 per molecule)bon atoms 90/10 per molecule) 80/20 10:1 to 1:10 0 to 99 50/50 (straightchain carbon skeleton in 50-75 percent 20/80 by weight of total.substantially all molecules 10/90 present contain an even number ofcarbon atoms.

1/99 and melting point of the mixture is from about 1 10 to about 125Fin most cases) The branched alcohol/secondary alcohol proportions aresimilar to those of Example 1. Iodine values about 1.0 to about 10.0.

The compositions are tested as in Example 1. similar desirable resultsbeing obtained.

9 1O EXAMPLE 16 Component A to Component B is from about 2.1 to

about 1:2. Prior examples are repeated Using the following 3. A processin accordance with claim 1 wherein the tios of secondary mono alcohol todiols, the diols being amount f Component C i f b t 85 t b t 98 mixedvicinal diols up to about l,4-types. 5 percent by weight 4. A process inaccordance with claim 1 wherein the amount of Component C is from about25 percent to 100/0 about 75 percent by weight. Egg 5. A process inaccordance with claim 1 wherein the 70 30 amount of Component C is fromabout 30 percent to gglgg about 40 percent by weight.

6. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the weight ratio ofComponent A to Component B is from The materials are tested as inExample 1, similar re- 1 5 about 2:1 to about 1:1. sults being obtained.7. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein sub- EXAMPLE 7stantially all Component A, B and C molecules present contain an evennumber of carbon atoms per molecule. Example 1 is repeated ith a co poition sim la 0 8. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein theExample l but wherein the iodine value is less than overall percentageof molecules of Straight chain ar- (substantially all moleculessaturated) and wherein the hon Skeletal fi ti i f about 50 to about 75dlol content is less than 1 Percent percent by weight, whereinsubstantially all molecules Similar results are Obtained present containan even number of carbon atoms and EXAMPLE 18 wherein the melting pointis from about 1 10 to about Example 1 is repeated wherein the paraffin*constituency is replaced by an equal weight percent of perchloroethylene. Similar results are obtained; however, the composition isliquid at ordinary temperatures and is therefore applied and used as aliquid.

9. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the metal is anon-ferrous metal.

10. In a process for machining a non-ferrous metal, the improvementwherein the metal is lubricated with a lubricant consisting essentiallyof: EXAMPLE 19 Component A which is unsubstituted substantially Example18 is repeated with Llbtrichloro ethane saturated aliphatic monohydricnormal alcohol substituted for perchloro ethylene. Similar results arecomammg from about 20 to about 34 Carbon obtained. 35 atoms permolecule,

Component B which is unsubstituted aliphatic mono- EXAMPLE 20 hydric ordihydric non-normal alcohol containing Example 18 is repeated with thefollowing substituted fr about 20 to about 3 r n atoms p r m lhydrocarbon diluents. Similar desirable results are ob- Cul and havingless than about 5 percent unsatutained. Trichloro ethylene;l,l,l-trichloroethane; trirated molecules, chlorofluoromethane;l,2,3-trichloropropane; carbon Component C which is hydrocarbon havingfrom tetrachloride; chloroform; vinylidene chloride; ethylabout 20 toabout 34 carbon atoms per molecule, ene dichloride; ethylene dibromide;trichlorotrith m nt of C m onent C bei g u to about 99 fluoroethane; anddichlorotetrafluoroethane. percent b i ht d th amount of Com on t WeClfllmi I A and Component B being at least 1 percent by 1. In a processfor working a metal wherein the metal weight, is subjected tolubrication with a lubricant, the imthe weight ratio of Component A toComponent B provement wherein the lubricant consists essentially of:ranging from about 10 to 1 to about 1 to 10' Component A which isunsubstituted substantially 11. In a process for working a metal whereinthe saturated aliphatic monohydnc normal alcohol metal is subjected tolubrication with a lubricant, the

Contammg from about 20 to about 34 Carbon improvement wherein thelubricant consists essentially atoms per molecule, of

Component B which is unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric or dihydricnon-normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms permolecule and having less than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules,

Component C which is hydrocarbon having from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

Component A which is unsubstituted substantially saturated aliphaticmonohydric normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

Component B which is a mixture of unsubstituted aliphatic alcoholshaving from about 20 to about 34 the amount of Component C being up toabout 99 carbon atoms per molecule and having less than percent byweight and the amount of Component about 5 percent unsaturated moleculestherein, A and Component B being at least 1 percent by 531d Componem Bcontaining weight, a. branched primary monohydric alcohols,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B secondal'y monohydricalcohols, and

ranging from about 10 to l to about 1 to 10. 6S C. dihydric alcohols,

2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the the weight ratio of(c) to (b) being up to about 1:]

amount of Component C is from about 30 to about 98 and the weight ratioof (b) to (a) being up to about percent by weight and wherein the weightratio of 2:1,

Component C which is paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbon having fromabout 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule,

the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent by weight and theamount of Component A and Component B being at least 1 percent byweight,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B ranging from about 10 to1 to about 1 to l0.

12. In a process for working a metal wherein the metal is subjected tolubrication with a lubricant, the improvement wherein the lubricantconsists essentially of:

Component A which is unsubstituted substantially saturated aliphaticmonohydric normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

Component B which is a mixture of unsubstituted aliphatic alcoholshaving from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule and havingless than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules therein, said ComponentB containing,

a. branched primary monohydric alcohols, b. secondary monohydricalcohols, and c. dihydric alcohols,

the weight ratio of (c) to (b) being up to about 1:1 and the weightratio of (b) to (a) being up to about 2:1,

Component C which is a compatible halohydrocarbon diluent, I

the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent by weight and theamount of Component A and Component B being at least 1 percent byweight,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B ranging from about to 1to about 1 to 1O.

13. In a process for working aluminum wherein the aluminum is subjectedto lubrication with a lubricant, the improvement wherein the lubricantconsists essentially of:

Component A which is unsubstituted substantially saturated aliphaticmonohydric normal alcohol containing from about to about 34 carbon atomsper molecule,

Component B which is unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric or dihydricnon-normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms permolecule and having less than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules,

Component C which is hydrocarbon having from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent by weight and theamount of Component 12 A and Component B being at least 1 percent byweight,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B ranging from about 10 tol to about 1 to l0.

14. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about 30 to about 98 percent by weight and whereinratio of Component A to Component B is from about 2:1 to about 1:2.

15. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about to about 98 percent by weight.

16. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about 25 percent to about 75 percent by weight.

17. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about 30 percent to about 40 percent by weight.

18. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the weight ratio ofComponent A to Component B is from about 2:1 to about 1:1.

19. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein substantially allComponent A, B and C molecules present contain an even number of carbonatoms per molecule.

20. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the overall percentageof molecules of straight chain carbon skeletal configuration is fromabout 50 to about 75 percent by weight, wherein substantially allmolecules present contain an even number of carbon atoms and wherein themelting point is from about to about F.

21. In the sawing of metallic aluminum, the improvement wherein thesawing is effected in the presence of a lubricant consisting essentiallyof:

Component A which is unsubstituted substantially saturated aliphaticmonohydric normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

Component B which is unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric or dihydricnon-normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms permolecule and having less than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules,

Component C which is hydrocarbon having from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule,

the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent by weight and theamount of Component A and Component B being at least 1 percent byweight,

the weight ratio of Component A to Component B ranging from about 10 tol to about 1 to 10.

1. IN A PROCESS FOR WORKING A METAL WHEREIN THE METAL IS SUBJECTED TOLUBRICATION WITH A LUBRICANT, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE LUBRICANTCONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF: COMPONENT A WHICH IS UNSUBSTITUTEDSUBSTANTIALLY SATURATED ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC NORMAL ALCOHOL CONTAININGFROM ABOUT 20 TO ABOUT 34 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE, COMPONENT B WHICHIS UNSUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC OR DIHYDRIC NON-NORMAL ALCOHOLCONTAINING FROM ABOUT 20 TO ABOUT 34 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE ANDHAVING LESS THAN ABOUT 5 PERCENT UNSATURATED MOLECULES, COMPONENT CWHICH IS HYDROCARBON HAVING FROM ABOUT 20 TO ABOUT 34 CARBON ATOMS PERMOLECULE, THE AMOUNT OF COMPONENT C BEING UP TO ABOUT 99 PERCENT BYWEIGHT AND THE AMOUNT OF COMPONENT A AND COMPONENT B BEING AT LEAST 1PERCENT BY WEIGHT, THE WEIGHT RATIO OF COMPONENT A TO COMPONENT BRANGING FROM ABOUT 10 TO 1 TO ABOUT 1 TO
 10. 2. A process in accordancewith claim 1 wherein the amount of Component C is from about 30 to about98 percent by weight and wherein the weight ratio of Component A toComponent B is from about 2:1 to about 1:2.
 3. A process in accordancewith claim 1 wherein the amount of Component C is from about 85 to about98 percent by weight.
 4. A process in accordance with claim 1 whereinthe amount of Component C is from about 25 percent to about 75 percentby weight.
 5. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about 30 percent to about 40 percent by weight.
 6. Aprocess in accordance with claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of ComponentA to Component B is from about 2:1 to about 1:1.
 7. A process inaccordance with claim 1 wherein substantially all Component A, B and Cmolecules present contain an even number of carbon atoms per molecule.8. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the overall percentageof molecules of straight chain carbon skeletal configuration is fromabout 50 to about 75 percent by weight, wherein substantially allmolecules present contain an even number of carbon atoms and wherein themelting point is from about 110* to about 125*F.
 9. A process inaccordance with claim 1 wherein the metal is a non-ferrous metal.
 10. Ina process for machining a non-ferrous metal, the improvement wherein themetal is lubricated with a lubricant consisting essentially of:Component A which is unsubstituted substantially saturated aliphaticmonohydric normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule, Component B which is unsubstituted aliphaticmonohydric or dihydric non-normal alcohol containing from about 20 toabout 34 carbon atoms per molecule and having less than about 5 percentunsaturated molecules, Component C which is hydrocarbon having fromabout 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule, the amount of ComponentC being up to about 99 percent by weight and the amount of Component Aand Component B being at least 1 percent by weight, the weight ratio ofComponent A to Component B ranging from about 10 to 1 to about 1 to 10.11. In a process for working a metal wherein the metal is subjected tolubrication with a lubricant, the improvement wherein the lubricantconsists essentially of: Component A which is unsubstitutedsubstantially saturated aliphatic monohydric normal alcohol containingfrom about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule, Component B whichis a mixture of unsubstituted aliphatic alcohols having from about 20 toabout 34 carbon atoms per molecule and having less than about 5 percentunsaturated molecules therein, said Component B containing, a. branchedprimary monohydric alcohols, b. secondary monohydric alcohols, and c.dihydric alcohols, the weight ratio of (c) to (b) being up to about 1:1and the weight ratio of (b) to (a) being up to about 2:1, Component Cwhich is paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbon having from about 20 toabout 34 carbon atoms per molecule, the amount of Component C being upto about 99 percent by weight and the amount of Component A andComponent B being at least 1 percent by weight, the weight ratio ofComponent A to Component B ranging from about 10 to 1 to about 1 to 10.12. IN A PROCESS FOR WORKING A METAL WHEREIN THE METAL IS SUBJECTED TOLUBRICATION WITH A LUBRICANT, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE LUBRICANTCONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF: COMPONENT A WHICH IS UNSUBSTITUTEDSUBSTANTIALLY SATURATED ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC NORMAL ALCOHOL CONTAININGFROM ABOUT 20 TO ABOUT 34 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE, COMPONENT B WHICHIS A MIXTURE OF UNSUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS HAVING FROM ABOUT 20 TOABOUT 34 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE AND HAVING LESS THAN ABOUT 5 PERCENTUNSATURATED MOLECULES THEREIN, SAID COMPONENT B CONTAINING, A. BRANCHEDPRIMARY MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOLS, B. SECONDARY MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOLS, AND C.DIHYDRIC ALCOHOLS, THE WEIGHT RATIO OF (C) TO (B) BEING UP TO ABOUT 1:1AND THE WEIGHT RATIO OF (B) TO (A) BEING UP TO ABOUT 2:1, COMPONENT CWHICH IS A COMPATIBLE HALOHYDROCARBON DILUENT, THE AMOUNT OF COMPONENT CBEING UP TO ABOUT 99 PERCENT BY WEIGHT AND THE AMOUNT OF COMPONENT A ANDCOMPONENT B BEING AT LEAST 1 PERCENT BY WEIGHT, THE WEIGHT RATIO OFCOMPONENT A TO COMPONENT B RANGING FROM ABOUT 10 TO 1 TO ABOUT 1 TO 10.13. In a process for working aluminum wherein the aluminum is subjectedto lubrication with a lubricant, the improvement wherein the lubricantconsists essentially of: Component A which is unsubstitutedsubstantially saturated aliphatic monohydric normal alcohol containingfrom about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule, Component B whichis unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric or dihydric non-normal alcoholcontaining from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule andhaving less than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules, Component Cwhich is hydrocarbon having from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms permolecule, the amount of Component C being up to about 99 percent byweight and the amount of Component A and Component B being at least 1percent by weight, the weight ratio of Component A to Component Branging from about 10 to 1 to about 1 to
 10. 14. A process in accordancewith claim 13 wherein the amount of Component C is from about 30 toabout 98 percent by weight and wherein ratio of Component A to ComponentB is from about 2:1 to about 1:2.
 15. A process in accordance with claim13 wherein the amount of Component C is from about 85 to about 98percent by weight.
 16. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein theamount of Component C is from about 25 percent to about 75 percent byweight.
 17. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the amount ofComponent C is from about 30 percent to about 40 percent by weight. 18.A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the weight ratio ofComponent A to Component B is from about 2:1 to about 1:
 19. A processin accordance with claim 13 wherein substantially all Component A, B andC molecules present contain an even number of carbon atoms per molecule.20. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the overall percentageof molecules of straight chain carbon skeletal configuration is fromabout 50 to about 75 percent by weight, wherein substantially allmolecules present contain an even number of carbon atoms and wherein themelting point is from about 110* to about 125*F.
 21. In the sawing ofmetallic aluminum, the improvement wherein the sawing is effected in thepresence of a lubricant consisting essentially of: Component A which isunsubstituted substantially saturated aliphatic monohydric normalalcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms per molecule,Component B which is unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric or dihydricnon-normal alcohol containing from about 20 to about 34 carbon atoms permolecule and having less than about 5 percent unsaturated molecules,Component C which is hydrocarbon having from about 20 to about 34 carbonatoms per molecule, the amount of Component C being up to about 99percent by weight and the amount of Component A and Component B being atleast 1 percent by weight, the weight ratio of Component A to ComponentB ranging from about 10 to 1 to about 1 to 10.